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''Dioscorea trifida'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Dioscoreaceae. It is a species of yam (genus ''Dioscorea''). It is native to the Caribbean and Central and South America.〔(''Dioscorea trifida''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).〕 Its many common names include Indian yam,〔(''Dioscorea trifida''. ) ITIS.〕 cush-cush, and yampee.〔 It is called ''mapuey'' in Venezuela,〔Pérez, E., et al. (2011). (Evaluation of the functional properties of promising ''Dioscorea trifida'' L. waxy starches for food innovation. ) ''International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry'' vol. 2011, Article ID 165638, 7 pages.〕 ''inhame'' in Brazil, ''tabena'' and ''ñame'' in Colombia, and ''sacha papa'' in Peru.〔 It is also called Ñampi in Costa Rica. This plant is a vine that can exceed 3 meters in length.〔(''Dioscorea trifida''. ) FAO Ecocrop.〕 One plant produces up to 12 stems, which are lined with several membranous wings.〔Stephens, J. M. (Cushcush — ''Dioscorea trifida'' L. ) HS590. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida IFAS. Published 1994, revised 2009.〕 They emerge from roots with tubers of various shape and size, generally up to 20 centimeters long by 8 wide.〔 The leaves are up to 23〔(''Dioscorea trifida''. ) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Barro Colorado Island.〕 to 30〔 centimeters long with blades divided into pointed lobes and borne on long, winged petioles. Green flowers with six tiny tepals are borne in the axils. The fruit is a winged, lightly hairy capsule up to about 2.7 centimeters long.〔 This is a cultivated yam species used for food in parts of the Americas, especially South America and some Caribbean nations. The starchy tuber has a thin, smooth skin marked with some cracks. It takes different shapes but is commonly spherical or club-shaped, or shaped like a horse hoof, sometimes with a cleft.〔 It comes in various colors, including white, purple, and black.〔Pérez, E., et al. (2010). (Physicochemical, functional, and macromolecular properties of waxy yam starches discovered from "mapuey" (''Dioscorea trifida'') genotypes in the Venezuelan Amazon. ) ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'' 59(1), 263-73.〕 The crop is cultivated like the potato, but must be given a strong trellis for support. It is propagated by planting small tubers or tuber chunks. The crop can be harvested in 10 to 11 months.〔 The tuber is cooked for food. It can be baked or boiled.〔 In Venezuela and Colombia it is mashed or used in soups.〔 In parts of the Caribbean it is known as "the best of the yams".〔 It is a staple food for some indigenous peoples.〔 The tuber is about 38% starch.〔 It is a waxy starch that lacks amylose and has potential uses as a binder and thickener in food processing.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dioscorea trifida」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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